Hydrovac Pro

Excavation contractors dig and move earth for foundations, basements, utilities, pools and site cuts. Most residential jobs run on a mini or mid-size excavator paired with a skid steer and a dump truck; larger cuts bring in a dozer or scraper. The price depends less on the size of the hole than on what is in the ground: clay, ledge rock, high groundwater and buried utilities all slow the machine down and change the hauling math. Before the bucket touches dirt the site needs an 811 utility locate, and any trench deeper than five feet needs a protective system under OSHA rules.

Foundation contractors build the part of the structure that carries everything above it into the ground: spread footings below frost depth, stem walls or basement walls, monolithic and slab-on-grade foundations, and pier or grade beam systems where soils are poor. The work follows the stamped plans and the geotechnical report, and it is inspected at fixed points, usually the open footing trench with rebar in place before the pour, then again before the slab and before backfill. Frost depth sets the footing bottom, from about twelve inches in the Gulf states to four feet or more across the northern tier. Waterproofing or dampproofing, a footing drain and free-draining backfill are what keep a basement dry, and they are cheapest to do right while the wall is still exposed.

Hauling contractors move bulk material to and from job sites: delivering gravel, sand, topsoil and fill, and removing excavated spoil, concrete and demolition debris. Pricing is built around truck size and cycle time. A tandem dump truck carries roughly 10 to 14 cubic yards, a tri-axle 15 to 18, and a belly dump or end dump trailer over 20; the driver's rate covers loading, travel, dumping and any wait time at either end. Distance to the pit or landfill is often the biggest variable, and tipping fees for debris are usually passed through separately. Contractors who also run a loader or excavator can load their own trucks, which matters when nothing on site is available to fill them.

Septic contractors install and replace the tank, distribution box and drain field that treat wastewater on properties without sewer. Nothing goes in the ground until a soil evaluation or percolation test has been done and the county or state health department has approved a system design; the installer builds to that design and the inspector looks at the open trenches before they are covered. Conventional gravel-and-pipe drain fields are the least expensive where soil drains well, but heavy clay, high water tables and small lots push jobs toward chambers, sand mounds, drip dispersal or an aerobic treatment unit, each with a different price and maintenance schedule. Most states license septic installers separately from general contractors, and many require a pumping and inspection record at property sale.

Trenching and underground utility contractors open the ground for pipe and conduit, bed and backfill it, and put the surface back. What looks like a straight line on a plan is governed by a few hard numbers: 811 locates before any digging, a minimum cover depth that varies by utility (commonly 18 to 24 inches for electric and gas service, and below the frost line for water), and OSHA's requirement that any trench five feet or deeper have a protective system such as a trench box, shoring or a sloped wall, with a competent person on site. Bedding material under the pipe, compaction of the backfill in lifts and tracer wire on non-metallic pipe are the details that separate a line that lasts fifty years from one that settles and cracks the driveway above it.

Hydro excavation crews use pressurized water to cut soil and a truck-mounted vacuum to lift the slurry into a sealed tank, so they can dig right next to gas, fiber, water and power lines without striking them. The most common job is daylighting, also called potholing: exposing a buried utility so its true depth and position are known before a bore, trench, pile or foundation crosses it. State one-call laws set a tolerance zone around every 811 mark, usually 18 to 24 inches each side, where mechanical digging is not allowed and soft methods like vacuum excavation are. Crews also dig slot trenches, post and pole holes, valve and manhole repairs, frozen ground and contaminated soil that must be contained. Google Maps has no category for this trade, so most hydrovac companies are listed as excavating or utility contractors.